Ole Coltrane is the fifth studio album by John Coltrane for Atlantic Records, released in 1961. It was recorded in a single session on May 25, 1961 at A&R Studios in New York. The album stands out for its focus on modal music and the influence of African and Spanish musical traditions, with an expanded lineup that includes two bassists and an additional saxophonist.
The session featured musicians such as Freddie Hubbard (trumpet), Eric Dolphy (alto saxophone and flute), McCoy Tyner (piano), Reggie Workman and Art Davis (basses), and Elvin Jones (drums). The centerpiece "Ole" is based on a modal pattern and a flamenco-inspired rhythm, while "Dahomey Dance" evokes African rhythms. The album reflects Coltrane's fascination with world music and his desire to push the boundaries of jazz.
Ole Coltrane was well received by critics, who praised its originality and the interaction among the musicians. Although not a massive commercial success, it is considered a fundamental work in Coltrane's evolution toward free jazz and musical spirituality. In 2009, the album was reissued with additional material, including alternate takes.